Set against a backdrop of
watchfulness and, at best, cautious optimism, banking M&A in
2009 was characterised by lower asset values and government
bailouts – and while the number of deals remained surprisingly
consistent, the total value of those deals dropped sharply.
Dan Jones
reports.
In a year in which many banks concentrated on
rebuilding their own fragile businesses rather than looking to
acquire others, it is perhaps surprising that the number of
financial services mergers and acquisitions in 2009 (4,641 as of
the second week of December) is on course to match 2008’s total
(4,662), according to exclusive data from Thomson
Reuters.
The context of such purchases, however,
remains very different to that of 2007 and indeed much of 2008, as
a glance at the highest value deals this year demonstrates. The
league table of the largest banking deals in 2009 puts things into
perspective – eight of the top ten deals involved de facto
government bailouts for fallen giants such as Royal Bank of
Scotland (RBS) and Citigroup.
The exceptions are asset management firm
BlackRock’s acquisition of Barclays Global Investors for $15.2
billion and Swiss private bank Julius Baer’s early-year capital
raising, but the year has been characterised by sales that, if not
distressed, certainly reflect a new era of lower asset prices and,
consequently, bargain buys. This is reflected in the sharp fall in
the total value of deals in 2009 – though the number of deals this
year is consistent with activity in 2008, the total financial
volume of $382.2 billion seen in 2009 represents a 44 percent drop
from the $684.8 billion worth of deals transacted in 2008.
But if 2009 was characterised by governmental
financial assistance, then 2010 may be defined by the next stage of
that process: the forced divestments of business units – consumer
finance arms, insurance divisions and others – now considered
‘non-core’ by either regulators or the banks themselves. Units
already on the block include retail banking assets at RBS and
Lloyds Banking Group (see RBI 622) as well as Citigroup
businesses grouped in its Citi Holdings division such as most of
Citi’s western European retail banking businesses (see RBI 619).
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By GlobalDataFrom a retail banking perspective, the largest
deals of 2009 have already included notable divestments, such as
RBS’s divestment of its businesses in Taiwan, Singapore, Indonesia,
Hong Kong, the Philippines and Vietnam, which were sold to
Australia’s ANZ for $550 million. And perhaps most notably of all,
many of 2009’s largest acquisitions saw banks looking to gain
market share in their domestic market, as opposed to the
cross-border expansion that characterised the pre-crisis
period.
By value, the top five retail banking deals of
2009 were:
• Société Générale’s €676 million
($989 million) purchase of the 20 percent of Crédit du Nord it did
not already own from Belgium’s Dexia.
• Criteria CaixaCorp (the holding
company controlled by Spain’s largest savings bank, la Caixa)
acquiring a 4.9 percent stake (later increased to 5.1 percent) in
Austria Erste Bank for €628 million ($918 million).
• Bradesco’s purchase of fellow
Brazilian institution Banco ibi for BRL1.4 billion ($799
million).
• ANZ’s purchase of selected
Asia-Pacific assets from RBS for $550 million.
• Barclays’ acquisition of the UK’s
Standard Life Bank from insurer Standard Life for £226 million
($366.5 million).
Mergers and |
||||
2009 – largest banking deals by |
||||
Acquirer/investor |
Target |
Value ($bn) |
Country |
Date |
HM Treasury (1) |
Royal Bank of Scotland |
41.88 |
UK |
26.02.09 |
Preferred Shareholders |
Citigroup |
28.08 |
US |
30.07.09 |
BlackRock Inc |
Barclays Global Investors Ltd |
15.2 |
US |
11.06.09 |
HM Treasury (2) |
Royal Bank of Scotland |
13.14 |
UK |
26.02.09 |
Preferred Shareholders |
Citigroup |
10.5 |
US |
23.07.09 |
Preferred Shareholders |
Bank of America |
9.5 |
US |
25.06.09 |
CNCE |
Banque Federale des Banques |
8.9 |
France |
26.06.09 |
Shareholders |
Julius Baer-Private Banking |
7.6 |
Switzerland |
01.10.09 |
HM Treasury |
Royal Bank of Scotland |
7.52 |
UK |
16.03.09 |
US Dept of the Treasury |
GMAC |
7.5 |
US |
20.05.09 |
Notes: (1) pending; (2) intended. Source: |
RBI |
||||
RBI DealWatch tracks |
||||
Europe, Middle East, |
||||
Country |
Participants |
Type/value |
Description |
Date |
UK |
Lloyds Banking Group |
Capital raising |
Lloyds Banking Group (LBG) has completed its |
14 Dec |
Slovenia |
KBC, Nova Ljubljanska Banka, China |
Possible stake acquisition |
China Development Bank is eyeing up a bid for |
11 Dec |
The Netherlands |
ING |
Repayment of state aid |
ING is to repay state aid of $5.6 billion |
11 Dec |
Czech Republic |
AnaCap Financial Partners, Banco Popolare |
Acquisition |
European private equity house AnaCap |
10 Dec |
Cyprus |
Piraeus Bank, Marfin Popular Bank |
Denial of merger rumours |
Greece’s Piraeus Bank has denied local press |
10 Dec |
Angola |
BES, BES Angola, Portmill |
Sale of business unit |
Portugal-based BES has completed the sale of |
10 Dec |
France |
Société Générale, Dexia, Credit du Nord |
Stake increase |
Société Générale has reached an agreement to |
10 Dec |
Poland |
Noble Bank, GMAC Bank Polska |
Purchase of business unit |
Polish-based Noble Bank has agreed a deal to |
9 Dec |
Luxembourg |
Dexia |
Possible sale of business unit |
Under pressure to shed businesses after |
8 Dec |
Russia |
VTB, Sistema-Hals |
Stake increase |
VTB has exercised an option to acquire a |
3 Dec |
Ukraine |
Raiffeisen Bank Aval |
Capital raising |
Raiffeisen Bank Aval, the Ukraine-based |
2 Dec |
UK |
Yorkshire Building Society, Chelsea Building |
Acquisition |
The UK’s second-largest building society, the |
1 Dec |
UK |
Barclays, BlackRock |
Sale concluded |
Barclays has completed the sale of its asset |
1 Dec |
UK |
JC Flowers |
Strategy update |
US-based private equity group JC Flowers has |
25 Nov |
UK |
JPMorgan Chase, Cazenove |
Stake increase |
JPMorgan Chase is to acquire the remaining |
19 Nov |
Czech Republic |
KBC |
Initial public offering |
KBC is to sell a 30 percent to 40 percent |
18 Nov |
Spain |
Santander |
Merger of business units |
Santander is to merge its wealth management |
17 Nov |
The Americas |
||||
Country |
Participants |
Type/value |
Description |
Date |
US |
Citigroup |
TARP repayment |
Citigroup is close to agreeing a deal to |
14 Dec |
Venezuela |
Assorted banks |
Bank failures |
The Venezuelan government has stepped up its |
11 Dec |
US |
Republic Federal Bank, SolutionsBank, Valley |
Bank failures |
The number of US banks to have failed in 2009 |
11 Dec |
Argentina |
Banco Supervielle |
Initial Public Offering |
Banco Supervielle, the Argentine institution |
10 Dec |
US |
Bank of America |
Capital raising, TARP repayment |
Bank of America has repaid $45 billion of |
10 Dec |
US |
New York Community Bank, AmTrust Bank |
Acquisition |
New York Community Bank has acquired around |
7 Dec |
US |
Citigroup, Kuwait Investment Authority |
Stake sale |
Sovereign wealth fund Kuwait Investment |
7 Dec |
US |
AIG |
Possible sale of business unit |
American International Group, the beleaguered |
4 Dec |
North America |
BMO Bank of Montreal, Citi, Diners Club |
Acquisition of credit card unit |
BMO Bank of Montreal (BMO) has snapped up the |
24 Nov |
US |
People’s United Financial, Financial Federal |
Acquisition |
Connecticut-based People’s United Financial |
23 Nov |
US |
Citigroup |
Possible sale of business unit |
Private equity groups, including US-based |
23 Nov |
US |
American Express, Revolution Money |
Acquisition |
American Express has agreed a $300 million |
23 Nov |
Asia Pacific |
||||
Country |
Participants |
Type/value |
Description |
Date |
Malaysia |
Maybank, Siam City Bank |
Stake acquisition denial |
Maybank has denied reports that it intends to |
14 Dec |
Vietnam |
Maybank, An Binh Bank |
Stake increase |
Malaysia’s largest bank, Maybank, is to pay |
11 Dec |
China, India, Malaysia |
Royal Bank of Scotland, HSBC |
Sale of business units |
HSBC is reportedly close to reaching a deal |
10 Dec |
Mongolia |
Anod Bank |
Bank collapse |
Anod Bank has collapsed into receivership, |
10 Dec |
Australia |
ANZ, AWB |
Sale of business unit |
ANZ has agreed a deal to acquire Agribusiness |
8 Dec |
Hong Kong |
China Pacific Insurance |
Proposed initial public offering |
China’s third-largest insurer, China Pacific, |
6 Dec |
Hong Kong |
AIA Group |
Proposed initial public offering |
The Asian life insurance unit of American |
4 Dec |
China |
BBVA, China Citic Bank |
Stake increase |
Spain’s second-largest-bank BBVA has |
4 Dec |
India |
Kotak Mahindra Bank |
Strategy update |
India-based private sector lender Kotak |
4 Dec |
Taiwan |
ICBC, Cathay Financial |
Possible stake purchase |
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China is |
2 Dec |
Japan |
MUFG |
Capital raising |
Japan’s Mitsubishi UFJ, the country’s largest |
30 Nov |
Mongolia |
Zoos Bank |
Bank collapse |
Zoos Bank, Mongolia’s sixth-largest bank, has |
24 Nov |
China |
Manulife, ABN Amro TEDA Fund Management |
Stake purchase |
Manulife, the largest US insurer by market |
23 Nov |
Source: RBI |